In medieval texts, female Muslim monsters typically appear as black, blue, or purple-skinned giants, equally as frightening as their male counterparts. These characters exemplify the "hybridization of misogyny and racism through a triple confluence of representations: the wild woman, personified vice, and 'death itself, la mort, feminized through grammatical gender.' " In contrast to later female Muslim characters, most of whom are desirable, most medieval monsters have zero sex appeal. Amiete, a Saracen giantess that appears in Fierbras, with her huge mouth and wide hips, is sexually monstrous but not "sexy"

QUESTION: What cultural or narratological shift explains the transition to desirable female Muslim characters in later works?

Sophia Rose Arjana, Muslims in the Western Imag…, loc. 189