“The language of identity is always spoken in response to the language of morality.” Christianity, to some degree, determined people's sense of normativity. The “disciplinary practices” supported and manufactured by the Church aided in the “formulations of the self and manipulations of (or resistances to) others.” The others who existed within a social community (Jews) and outside it (Muslims and Africans) established a category of monsters.

DEFINE: Clarifies how Christian disciplinary practices formulated selves and produced categories (like 'monsters') for outsiders.

Sophia Rose Arjana, Muslims in the Western Imag…, loc. 90