But of course this makes sense, given the medieval association of Jews and Muslims, seen in the charges that Muslims were "New Jews," the images of Jewish Sarrazins, and other examples of co-identification. In Renaissance painting, Jewish and Muslim figures often appear side by side, accompanied by symbols that further confuse the categories of Jew and Muslim. On a wall painting at the San Sacro Benedictine monastery in Subiaco, the flags surrounding the scene of Christ bearing the Cross include flags with Jewish badges and Muslim crescents.

XREF: Connects to scholarship on medieval and early modern co-identification of Muslims and Jews, and to Christian iconography conflating the two groups.

Sophia Rose Arjana, Muslims in the Western Imag…, loc. 255