Jack Shaheen, an expert on the portrayal of Muslims and Arabs in Hollywood films, claimed that American movies in recent decades “regularly link the Islamic faith with male supremacy, holy war, and acts of terror, depicting Arabs and Muslims as hostile alien intruders, and as lecherous, oily sheikhs intent on using nuclear weapons.” 39 He also estimated that, as of 2008, there were more than 1,150 films that defame Muslims and Arabs.

Asena Karipek, Portrayals of Jihad, loc. 49