Women in tech, however, generally work in marketing, public relations, project management, event planning, graphic design, or community management, all lower-status jobs than developers, engineers, venture capitalists, or entrepreneurs. The number of women in computer science is dismally low; according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor, women comprise 19 percent of hardware engineers, 21 percent of software engineers, and 22 percent of computer programmers. Computer and mathematical professions are, overall, 75 percent male. Moreover, these numbers have actually decreased since the 1980s.

Alice E. Marwick, Status Update, loc. 710