The commercial theory and practice of behavior modification assume an inescapable networked presence and its cornucopia of digital tools. A team of British researchers surveyed fifty-five behavioral experts in order to compile "a consensually agreed hierarchically structured taxonomy of techniques used in behavior change interventions." This exercise identified ninety-three distinct behavior-change techniques, which were grouped into sixteen methodological clusters: "scheduled consequences," "reward and threat," "repetition and substitution," "antecedents," "associations," "feedback and monitoring," "goals and planning," "social support," "comparison of behavior," "communication of natural consequences," "self-belief," "comparison of outcomes," "shaping knowledge," "regulation," "identity," and "covert learning."

Shoshana Zuboff, The Age of Surveillance Cap…, loc. 2443