The researchers warn that behavior modification is a "fast-moving field." As illustration, they note that the first such taxonomy, published only four years earlier, had identified just twenty-two behavior-change techniques, many of which were individually oriented and required face-to-face interaction and relationship building. In contrast, the newer techniques are aimed at "community and population-level interventions," a fact that speaks to the migration of behavior-change operations to the novel capabilities (contextual control, automated digital nudges, operant conditioning at scale) of the internet-enabled tools upon which economies of action depend.

Shoshana Zuboff, The Age of Surveillance Cap…, loc. 2444