We often hear about the lack of diversity in film and television—among casts and directors alike—but we don’t often consider that this problem exists not only in front of the camera, not only behind the camera, but in many cases inside the camera itself. As Concordia University communications professor Lorna Roth notes, “Though the available academic literature is wide-ranging, it is surprising that relatively few of these scholars have focused their research on the skin-tone biases within the actual apparatuses of visual reproduction.”

Brian Christian, The Alignment Problem, loc. 48246