Italian Bolshevism- an epithet that was the title of Pantaleoni's famous booklet published in 1922- was loosely used to denote any state intervention within the sphere of the market and any form of social redistribution. Einaudi agreed that "socialism of whatever type was inevitably synonymous with reckless and pleasureloving spirit, of a run towards immediate consumption, with demands of larger wages for less work" (Faucci 1986, 176).

Clara E. Mattei, The Capital Order, loc. 1705