Th is chapter builds on the 1971 classic book by Gian Giacomo Migone, Th e United States and Fascist Italy: Th e Rise of American Finance in Europe (translated in English in 2015), which documented the substantial hand that American fi nanciers— especially those at J. P. Morgan— lent to Mussolini’s rule. Indeed, as Migone explores, Fascist Italy acted as a key agent for the expansion of American capitalism in Europe after World War I.

Clara E. Mattei, The Capital Order, loc. 1330