One need only step away from the abstractions of their academic works to attain a full view of their classist beliefs. Pantaleoni was the most explicit: “Bourgeois is whoever has the moral and intellectual value required to be such: he who lacks talent, activity, perseverance, control of his own passions and impulses, stops being a Bourgeois; these qualities are all required to emerge amongst comrades and dwell in a class that is not that of the plebes [volgo]” (Pantaleoni 1922, 109).

Clara E. Mattei, The Capital Order, loc. 1306