Using figures from 2017, calculations were performed by dividing the market capitalization (the market value of a company’s outstanding shares) by the number of users. Market caps and approximate user numbers on December 29, 2017, were as follows: Alphabet—$731.90B, 2B users; Facebook—$512.76B, 2.2B users; and Alibaba—$727.04B, 488M users.

Nick Couldry & Ulises A. Mejias, The Costs of Connection, loc. 798