By the early twentieth century, much of the Muslim world was subject to European rule, with only a handful of states in the Middle East—Iran, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Yemen—escaping European colonial domination as the dust settled from World War I. By the 1930s, Europe, along with its colonies and ex-colonies, constituted almost 85 percent of the earth's land surface.

Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Intro…, loc. 175