During and after the affair, Muslims created organizations to facilitate political involvement and to wield greater influence in European governments so that they would not be solely dependent on a handful of sympathetic allies in the political establishment. Muslims in Europe also began privileging their religious identities over their national ones, a development that contributed to tensions with majority populations who had grown accustomed to religion playing an increasingly smaller role in Europe.

Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Intro…, loc. 358