The rise of radical right parties in Europe has gone hand in hand with the migration and immigration of Muslims in the postwar era. Particularly since the 1980s, the presence and visibility of Muslims and Islam have increased dramatically, which has contributed to some of the changing political fortunes of radical right parties. One study indicates that the radical right more than quadrupled its support in two decades. They moved from an average of 2 percent of the popular vote in 1985 to 8.5 percent of the vote by 2006. In the past fifteen years, they have constituted the second- or third-largest party in the parliaments of the Netherlands, Norway, and Denmark. In Switzerland, the Swiss People's Party, a radical right party, has the largest representation in parliament. In other countries, including Belgium, Germany, France, and Austria, radical right parties have had a strong presence in both local and national politics.

QUESTION: Which countries' radical right parties quadrupled support in this window, and what specific anti-Muslim or anti-immigration platforms drove the surge?

Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Intro…, loc. 454