In the case of Muslim rule, the Qur’an did not establish clear parameters for how to govern non-Muslims, though it did prohibit Muslims from coercing the “People of the Book” (ahl al-kitab)—that is, Jews and Christians—to convert to Islam. … Islamic law, or Sharia, would eventually elaborate on the place of protected minorities, known as dhimmis. … The tax represented the dhimmis’ acknowledgment of their subjugation, but it also guaranteed that their Muslim rulers would protect them and give them considerable legal and religious freedoms.

DEFINE: Defines the dhimmi concept and the jizya tax arrangement in Islamic law governing non-Muslim subjects.

Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Intro…, loc. 113