On the surface, the perception that Islam is incompatible with democracy may seem justified. After all, democracy has had a rough go of it in many Muslim-majority countries. With decolonization, most Muslim nations shed the yoke of European colonial domination only to find themselves under strong authoritarian regimes ranging from monarchies to military dictatorships. These regimes, past and present, have consistently restricted or outlawed political opposition and violated human rights, including the rights of women and religious minorities. Such regimes continue to be the rule and not the exception. John Esposito estimates that only one in four Muslim-majority nations have some form of democratic government.

QUESTION: Which specific countries count as democratic per Esposito's estimate, and what criteria did he use?

Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Intro…, loc. 291