The sense of panic and dismay that isolation inspired was only enhanced by the per sis tent conviction that the ideological program they had discussed at the “Colloque Lippmann” remained unpop u lar and obscure. The “trend everywhere,” Röpke observed in 1939, “is decidedly in the direction of Collectivism and Totalitarianism,” such that even En gland was “highly pathological” and the United States perhaps even worse. Émigrés in the United States, like Machlup and Mises, reported that the “Veblen- Hansen ideology dominates public opinion in this country” and subsumed the entire generation of economists under the age of forty.

Angus Burgin, The Great Persuasion, loc. 203