The anatomy of French Islamophobia is made up of this memory and a distant past that sits at the very doorstep of the present, mirroring a “Muslim world” that sits, intimately and close, across the Mediterranean.

XREF: Coordinates with broader postcolonial scholarship on how imperial legacies shape present-day European attitudes toward Muslim populations.

Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamopho…, loc. 837