This massacre was a tragic manifestation of “private Islamophobia.” This dimension encompasses the slurs and bigotry, mob and vigilante violence inflicted on Muslims, or people mistaken to be Muslims, by private individuals and institutions. It is the front of Islamophobia carried forward by the people, who are ordered to “see something, say something,” and relentlessly, through propaganda and law, to do something.

DEFINE: Defines 'private Islamophobia' as the dimension carried out by private individuals and institutions through slurs, mob violence, and vigilantism—as opposed to state action.

Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamopho…, loc. 340