If Islam does not figure into Modi's portrait of India, then it surely does not align with what he has in mind for Kashmir. By exporting Indian Islamophobia into Kashmir, Modi's designs to claim the coveted territory became clear, and after 2019, built considerable momentum. Designs comprised of doctored pictures staged by the state and taken by the amateur hands of a military force, designs in which Islam is excised—and Muslims excluded—from Kashmir and a sublime panorama they will only know as unwanted visitors.

XREF: Connects to sustained coverage of Kashmir's 2019 revocation of Article 370 and Modi-era Hindu nationalist politics. QUESTION: The mention of doctored/staged images by the military invites further investigation into state-managed visual propaganda in contested territories.

Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamopho…, loc. 508