The bodies of Muslim women, in societies where state-sponsored Islamophobia is rising or robust, are typically the first sites of state policing and legal regulation. This is vividly the case in France, starting with the Hijab Ban and expanding into other realms of feminine Islamophobia.

XREF: Connects to broader discussions of how states regulate women's bodies as sites of national identity, similar to veiling debates elsewhere and reproductive regulation. SEED: Potential essay angle: tracing how France's Hijab Ban expanded into other legal restrictions on Muslim women, as a case study in state-sponsored feminine Islamophobia.

Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamopho…, loc. 713