Unlike Trump's ban, the CAA did not seek to restrict Muslim immigrants from entering India. It sought to wholly redefine the bounds of Indian citizenship and mark a legal stride toward realizing Modi's vision of remaking India into Hindustan. The law prohibited Muslim immigrants from three bordering states—Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Pakistan—from becoming naturalized citizens of India. Its immediate effect was to draw explicit lines around Indian citizenship that endorsed and entrenched religious caste, whereby Hindus stood on top and Muslims on the bottom.

XREF: Connects to broader scholarship on citizenship laws as tools of ethno-nationalist state-building, parallel to other exclusionary nationality regimes.

Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamopho…, loc. 438