The law, which came to be known universally as the Hijab Ban, solidified what the theaters of police brutality in Bondy, Clichy-sous-Bois, and other Parisian ghettos manifested a year later during the riots—that “Muslim” and “French” were clashing identities.

XREF: Connects to broader discussions of secularism (laïcité) and national identity tensions in France, including the 2005 riots.

Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamopho…, loc. 702