The American War on Terror cemented this dictate, and during the two decades after the 9/11 terror attacks, it strategically expanded and exported connected crusades into nations across the globe. This dictate, which held Muslim identity as presumptive of terror suspicion, was the principal product of this global project, which countries across the globe adopted—and then adapted—to fit their domestic political ambitions. Since its inception, the War on Terror has gradually metastasized into a network of crusades against Muslims in nations in Europe and Asia, Africa and the Americas. In a short time, it has birthed new campaigns of persecution in some nations, while emboldening existing cultural and political wars in other countries.

Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamopho…, loc. 67