Jamal Awil

← The New Crusades_ Islamophobia and the…

The War on Terror normalized Islamophobia globally before Modi's rise. [causal]

The War on Terror created a gaping entryway for Modi's Hindutva vision. By 2014, demonizing Muslims had become a global phenomenon, and as lucidly illustrated in American media and European newsprint, one of the last remaining acceptable forms of bigotry.

XREF: Connects to broader literature on how post-9/11 security discourse globalized anti-Muslim sentiment, which parallels discussions of wartime propaganda normalizing prejudice.

Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamopho…, loc. 398