After the Liberation and the reforms introduced by the republican government between 1944 and 1946 (consisting of nationalizations, social security, and planning), it seemed that neoliberalism had been definitely left in the lurch. Actually, the Liberation had two opposite effects: it marked the institutional defeat of neoliberalism within France, but it also led to a reconfiguration of the political field, which nurtured the rebirth of liberalism.

Philip Mirowski & Dieter Plehwe (eds.), The Road from Mont Pèlerin, loc. 285