There Ludwig von Mises became a prominent opponent of socialist economics and planning as advocated by leading representatives of Austro-Marxism, such as Otto Bauer and Rudolf Hilferding, as well as a Logical Positivist brand of scientific Marxism represented by Otto Neurath. Mises, then secretary of the Vienna Chamber of Commerce and organizer of one of the most prominent Privatseminars, which included Friedrich Hayek and Fritz Machlup, initiated the “socialist calculation debate,” eventually positioning neoliberal economics as the most important intellectual foe of scientific and technocratic socialism.

Philip Mirowski & Dieter Plehwe (eds.), The Road from Mont Pèlerin, loc. 101