Friedman, contravening Edward Levi's 1947 contention that monopoly was ubiquitous in the United States, contended that such a depiction of monopoly was fallacious. Friedman suggested that prescriptions to ameliorate the purported monopoly problem were iatrogenic. By contrast to his 1947 worries, Friedman then maintained that monopoly persists only when it receives open support from government—suggesting that the divergence between corporate ownership and control had a nugatory influence on the persistence of monopoly (1951b, 17). Participation in the FMS seemed to have changed Friedman's mind.

Philip Mirowski & Dieter Plehwe (eds.), The Road from Mont Pèlerin, loc. 1116