The year 1947 marked the serious beginning of the Cold War, with the Truman Doctrine proclaiming a fight against communism wherever. In March 1949, Truman announced what would become known as the point four program to aid developing countries, a program based on a modernization vision of science and technology designed to meet universal development needs around the globe, especially in underdeveloped areas and countries.

Philip Mirowski & Dieter Plehwe (eds.), The Road from Mont Pèlerin, loc. 1275