World War II put an abrupt end to these experiments. The war economy and the structural reforms planned by the Resistance, or Free French, and the Vichy regime helped marginalize neoliberalism. Faced with the arbitrary nature of the governing authority, the original group of French neoliberals split. A minority joined the Resistance (Raymond Aron, René Courtin, Gaston Leduc, Robert Marjolin), some neoliberals played an important role in the Vichy regime (Joseph-Barthélemy, Emile Mireaux, Henri Moysset), while others preferred not to commit (Charles Rist) or left the country (Louis Marlio). The disintegration of the group was all the quicker because its existence depended on a few key individuals, particularly Louis Rougier.

Philip Mirowski & Dieter Plehwe (eds.), The Road from Mont Pèlerin, loc. 284