A different group of institutional guardians of trust responds to the futures component of trust and the reality that most agency offerings are inherently contingent and therefore risky and uncertain. As noted earlier, one of the vulnerabilities of agency to abuse results from the fact that trustworthiness can often be ascertained only some considerable length of time after trust has been conferred. Some institutional guardians anticipate this possibility of normative or social control failures by providing advance protection against future deviant outcomes or compensation for accomplished misdeeds.

DEFINE: Distinguishes institutional guardians that preemptively protect against future risk or compensate for past wrongs.

Shapiro, Susan P., The Social Control of Imper…, loc. 103