Despite this openness and the uncertainty of detailed knowledge, at least one far-reaching systems theory hypothesis can be formulated – a social system, which requires or cannot avoid distrusting behaviour among its members for certain functions, needs at the same time mechanisms which prevent distrust from gaining the upper hand, and, from being reciprocated by a process of reciprocal escalation, turned into a destructive force. Above all there must be strategies and types of individual behaviour which are socially recognized and easily understood and which intercept and neutralize acts of distrust, thus rendering them, from the point of view of the system, 'accidental', insignificant, and therefore functionless aberrations. This function is performed above all by certain forms of presentation, or by the subsequent explanation of acts of distrust as involuntary actions, as determined purely by experience, as mistakes, as upsets caused by external factors, or as duties required by roles – that is, interpretations which make possible the carrying out of distrusting actions but which explain away distrust as an attitude.

XREF: This echoes Niklas Luhmann's systems theory approach to trust, where trust is a mechanism for reducing social complexity and distrust must be contained to preserve system functioning.

Niklas Luhmann, Trust and Power, loc. 276