If we may now generalize, it is clear that such learning processes are only complete when the person to be trusted has had opportunities to betray that trust and has not used them. It is impossible to eliminate this risk during the process of learning. It can, however, be divided up into small stages and thereby minimized.

DEFINE: Offers a precise condition for when trust-learning is complete: the trusted party must have had and declined an opportunity to betray.

Niklas Luhmann, Trust and Power, loc. 203