Finally, consider how internalization might work. Perhaps internalizing norms is akin to developing habits. In a sense, although it need not be a deliberate move, we economize on thinking and calculating. We adopt habits and norms as devices for deciding in repeat contexts how we should act. Then, following a commonplace but seemingly compelling fallacy, we moralize these shortcuts from being merely devices that we should pragmatically use to being devices that are morally incumbent on us to use. This is the standard fallacy of supposing that what is also ought to be—the is-ought fallacy of reasoning.

DEFINE: Explains how the is-ought fallacy operates in practice: pragmatic habits get moralized into obligations.

Russell Hardin, Trust and Trustworthiness, loc. 274