Does social order grow out of trust? It might prosper better with widespread trust and trustworthiness, but it does not follow that it must initially be grounded in such trust. Consider the velvet revolutions in Eastern Europe in 1989. Masses coordinated behind the expression of hostility to the prior regimes (see further Sztompka 1996). Distrust must have been endemic in, for example, East Germany at that time, with a large fraction of the population implicated in the STASI (secret police) oversight of citizens at all levels. It was partly distrust that stimulated the quest for a new order. On Piotr Sztompka's (1999, 160–90) account, the new order soon produced higher levels of trust in Poland after 1990. It would be odd to suppose that the Polish quest was grounded in trust. Many moves signaled the commitment to joint action against the dying Communist regime, and these enabled people to think that the risks of their opposition would not be disastrous. The last days of the regimes in Poland, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, and Romania saw mass actions in major public squares in which, by coordinating with so many, all were substantially protected against violent reprisals from the regimes.

XREF: Challenges conventional social capital theory linking social order to pre-existing trust; connects to discussions of collective action problems and revolutions without prior trust.

Russell Hardin, Trust and Trustworthiness, loc. 784