Translated Arabic writings on medicine, mathematics, astronomy and other sciences were for centuries used as textbooks in medieval Europe, while the writings of Muslim philosophers like Ibn Sina (980–1037, known in the West as Avicenna) and Ibn Rushd (1126–98, known as Averroes), and Jewish philosophers who wrote mainly in Arabic like Maimonides (Rabbi Moses ben Maimon, 1135–1204), were eagerly read and discussed and influenced several generations of medieval Christian philosophers and theologians.

XREF: Connects to the broader narrative of cross-cultural intellectual exchange between the Islamic world and medieval Europe, relevant to histories of science and philosophy transmission.

Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politi…, loc. 58