Modern-day Orientalists like Bernard Lewis and Samuel Huntington have argued that the conflict between the United States and the Middle East is a “clash of civilizations.” According to Huntington, who has done much to popularize this notion, “Western ideas of individualism, liberalism, constitutionalism, human rights, equality, liberty, the rule of law, democracy, free markets, the separation of church and state, often have little resonance in Islamic societies.”

XREF: Connects to Edward Said's critique of Orientalism and the broader clash-of-civilizations debate; this is the thesis this author is positioned against.

Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politi…, loc. 134